Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Model Predictive Control

Abstract

The continuous high-speed growth of automobile ownership in China has led to increasing pressure on the environment from automobile exhaust emissions, thus new energy vehicles have been favored by government policies. In new energy vehicles, Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEV) are considered to have great potential due to their high efficiency, smooth power output, and short fuel replenishment time. The hybrid power system is one of the important parts of FCHEV. Such system is comprised of lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells. This study combined the vehicle speed and power demand of new energy vehicles to establish a fuel cell vehicle model, longitudinal dynamics model, drive motor model, and fuel cell/lithium-ion battery model. A model predictive control method was proposed to design an energy control tactic for FCHEV. In view of the three aspects of fuel cell effectiveness, economy, and lithium battery SOC maintenance, the optimized objective of energy control was determined, and a cost function for multi-objective optimization of fuel cell hybrid power mechanisms was created. On the grounds of the rule of rolling time domain optimization, a real-time FCHEV energy control tactic was devised. Through MATLAB simulation under combined operating conditions, the efficacy of the energy management tactic presented has been validated. It could ensure that lithium-ion batteries have sufficient power reserves, and enabled fuel cells to operate stably with higher efficiency, reducing durability losses and saving more hydrogen gas.