Ethnomedicinal Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Non‑Timber Forest Products in the Reserved Forest, Mizoram, India: A Two‑Year Assessment

Abstract

Mizoram, a state in Northeast India, is a recognized biodiversity hotspot and a repository of traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the diversity, community structure, and seasonal dynamics of ethnomedicinal non‑timber forest products (NTFPs) within the Young Mizo Association (YMA) Reserved Area, Serchhip. A total of 10 permanent quadrats (10 m × 10 m) were established and monitored across six sampling periods (three seasons × two years). 20 species were identified with documented ethnomedicinal applications among the Mizo people, with Mikania micrantha, Curculigo orchioides, Callicarpa arborea, and Cissampelos pareira being prominent. Diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson) and species richness were highest during the rainy (August) and summer (May) seasons and lowest during winter (January). This pattern was consistent across both the year 2020 and 2021, indicating a robust seasonal cycle. The maximum number of species used for cancer (14) and diabetes (7) occurred during the rainy season. The findings provide a robust baseline for sustainable use, conservation, and pharmacological investigation of the ethnomedicinal flora of Mizoram.