Resident Perceptions and Destination Image: A Longitudinal Study of Overtourism Management in World Heritage Sites

Abstract

This research explores the residents’ attitude and destination image as factors in the management of overtourism in World Heritage Sites. In this study, the dynamic aspect of these relations is examined using a longitudinal perspective in order to determine how they affect sustainable management. The paper focuses on the effects of overtourism and examine the Social Exchange Theory as well as the Co-created Destination Image framework. In the context of Machu Picchu and Angkor, the study shows that there are good practices in managing visitor restrictions and community upliftment measures. Implementation of the study suggests that managing overtourism is best done using both a ‘top-down’ approach involving legislation and a ‘grass root’ approach involving the locals. The study adds value to the existing literature of the role of resident perceptions in constructing the image of a destination throughout the stages of tourism development by providing suitable recommendations to heritage site managers and policymakers in order to achieve site conservation and improve the quality of life of residents and the quality of tourism experience.