Effect of soil amendment (Perlite) on some physical characteristics and Zea mays L productivity .

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of perlite amendments (0%, 2.5%, and 5%) on soil hydraulic properties and maize (Zea mays L.) productivity under drip irrigation. A field experiment was conducted in Mosul, Iraq. Using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) on silty loam soil texture during the summer of 2023. Soil hydraulic properties were analyzed using the Van Genuchten model, which revealed that the 5% perlite treatment (P2) significantly improved moisture retention, reducing the value of parameter n to 1.32 and increasing water holding capacity. Results showed that P2 enhanced soil moisture content (36.58% compared with control 31.99%), reduced bulk density (1.11 Mg m⁻³ compared with the control. 1.40 Mg m⁻³), and increased total porosity (58.0% vs. 47.0%). Additionally, P2 revealed the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity (2.55 cm hr⁻¹) and infiltration rate (2.76 cm hr⁻¹), leading to a 14.4% increase in maize yield 10.3 ton ha⁻¹ compared to 9.0 ton ha⁻¹ in the control. These results determined perlite’s potential to enhance water use efficiency and crop productivity. The study concludes that perlite is improving agricultural practices in water-scarce environments, offering practical solutions for enhancing food security in drought areas. Future research should explore the long-term effects of perlite on soil health and economic feasibility