Dilemma and Countermeasures on Whole Mechanization of Rice Production by Raising Seedling with Plastic Membrance Covering in Mountainous Areas

Abstract

That is the basis of the whole mechanized production of rice with plastic membrance covering in mountainous areas to raise strong seedlings suitable for mechanical transplanting.This paper,based on annual report data of agricultural machinery equipment from 2012 to 2023 for 12 consecutive years in Wenzhou,Zhejiang,China,studies on the current status,dilemma and countermeasures of whole mechanized production of rice in Wenzhou mountainous areas,by combining theoretical research,data analysis and typical research.The result shows that the mechanization level of rice production in Wenzhou mountainous areas is significantly lower than that in the plain areas,and the progress has been slow over the past decade.In 2023, the comprehensive mechanization level of rice in Taishun and Wencheng, which are pure mountainous areas,was 74.53% and 74.45%,respectively,lower than the average level(89.32%) of Wenzhou,and far lower than Rui'an(92.81%) and Yueqing(93.23%),which are plain in mainly  areas. From 2012 to 2023, the level of agricultural mechanization in rice tillage in mountainous areas of Wenzhou improved rapidly, but the progress of agricultural mechanization in transplanting, harvesting and other field management was very slow. In 2023, the rate of machine tillage for rice in Wenzhou reached 99.9%, and that in Taishun and Wencheng, two counties of pure mountainous areas, also reached 100% and 99.5%, respectively, which basically realized the mechanization of rice tillage farming. However, in 2023, the rate of machine transplanting for rice in Taishun and Wencheng was only 28.59% and 25.72%, while the average level of Wenzhou reached 67.78%; and the rate of machine harvesting in Taishun and Wencheng was 86.5% and 89.8% respectively, lower than the average level of Wenzhou (96.8%). At present, the fertilization of rice in Wenzhou mountainous areas depends on manual operation, and the level of mechanical equipment in plant protection link is also not high.From the perspectives of geography, industry, policy, equipment and technology, this paper deeply analyses the dilemma encountered in the mechanization of rice production in Wenzhou mountainous areas, and puts forward some accurate countermeasures and suggestions.This study shows that the low rice transplanting rate is the bottleneck of the whole mechanization of rice production in mountainous areas.And it greatly improve the level of rice mechanical transplanting,combined with the use of plastic membrance cover to cultivate the strong seedlings.By the promotion and application of advanced agricultural machinery and tools,it can realize the whole mechanization of rice cropping in mountainous areas.